ABSTRACT
Manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) preserves its utility as a cost-effective and efficient strategy for mitigating cataract-associated blindness. Numerous techniques of nucleus delivery in MSICS have been described in the literature. The fish hook technique of nucleus extraction was advocated in 1997 and has been popular for high-volume surgery in limited pockets of the world. This article describes in detail the steps involved in the construction of a fish hook, tips of nucleus extraction with the help of a fish hook, and the pros and cons of fish hook-based MSICS through text, diagram, and video supplement.
ABSTRACT
Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a common procedure employed for patients with swallowing disorders with a functioning gastrointestinal tract. Replacement of PEG with a conventional PEG tube by ‘pull technique’ is considered to be the standard of care. Low profile or button PEG, an alternative that obviates the need for endoscopy, is less explored in the Indian setting. Methods: Records of all the patients, who underwent PEG replacement with a low-profile PEG (MIC-KEY by Halyard, U.S.A.) for three years, were reviewed. Complications and other relevant details were recorded. Result: Twenty four low profile PEG tubes were placed in 16 patients; [male 12 (75%); median age(range) 67 (25-85) years]. The indications of PEG placement were stroke in 10 patients, other neurologic illnesses in 5 patients and laryngeal malignancy in 1 patient. Perforation peritonitis and skin induration developed in one patient each. None of the patients had any procedure-related fatal complication. Conclusion: Although PEG exchange with low profile PEG is considered safe, it has potential complications. Thus, utmost care is required to recognize and treat them early.
ABSTRACT
This paper describes validated direct liquid chromatographic chiral methods for enantiomeric separation and quantitative determination of clinically significant ß-blocking agent, propranolol. A liquid chromatographic method was validated and applied for enantiomeric determination of propranolol enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations. Separation were obtained in polar organic mode on a `alpha'-Burke 2® chiral stationary phase (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with mobile phase composed of dichloromethane:methanol (90:10 v/v), along with 12 mM of ammonium acetate, at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. Detection was made by ultraviolet absorption at 280nm. In all cases the run time was less than 10 min...
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Propranolol , Tablets , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Iodophenyl and anthryl retinal analogues have been synthesized. The transisomers have been isolated and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. The purified isomers have been further characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Incubation of these retinal analogues with apoprotein (bacterioopsin), isolated from the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium gave new bacteriorhodopsin analogues. These analogues have been investigated for their absorption properties and stability. The iodophenyl analogue has been found to bind to bacterioopsin rapidly. The pigment obtained from this analogue showed a dramatically altered opsin shift of 1343 cm-1. The anthryl analogue based bacteriorhodopsin, however, showed an opsin shift of 3849 cm-1. It has been found that bacteriorhodopsin is quite unrestrictive in the ionone ring site. The apoprotein seems to prefer chromophores that have the ring portion co-planar with the polyene side chain. The purple membrane has also been modified by treatment with fluorescamine, a surface active reagent specific for amino groups. Reaction under controlled stoichiometric conditions resulted in the formation of a modified pigment. The new pigment showed a band at 390 nm–indicative of fluorescamine reaction with amino group (s) of apoprotein –besides retaining its original absorption band at 560 nm. Analysis of the fluorescamine modified bacteriorhodopsin resulted in the identification of lysine 129 as the modified amino acid residue. Fluorescamine-modified-bacteriorhodopsin suspension did not release protons under photolytic conditions. However, proteoliposomes of fluorescamine-modifiedbacteriorhodopsin were found to show proton uptake, though at a reduced rate.